Notice: The current evaluation report is intended solely for the purpose of soliciting comments. The team kindly requests your valuable feedback and suggestions. We are committed to continuously revising the report based on the available evidence.

Background

Open source development has a rich and dynamic history that has shaped the software industry and fostered innovation and collaboration. The roots of open source can be traced back to the early days of computing, but it gained significant momentum in the late 20th century. One of the key milestones in open source development was the emergence of AT&T Unix in the 1970s. Unix was developed at Bell Labs and became widely used in academic and research institutions. AT&T Unix introduced the concept of sharing source code, allowing users to modify and distribute the software freely. This practice laid the foundation for the open source movement. In recent years, open source has extended beyond software to encompass hardware and other fields, largely promoting the related designs and development. Overall, the history of open source development is characterized by a commitment to collaboration, transparency, and the democratization of technology. It has revolutionized the software industry and continues to drive innovation in various domains like hardware, fostering a culture of sharing and community-driven development.

Evaluation Standards

We single out the top open source achievements with huge impacts and significant boosts for the software and hardware development. Our evaluation criteria are as follows:

  • The key milestones that lay the foundation for open source movement or development
  • The original or pioneering open source works
  • The open source works that play a significant role in promoting the development of software and hardware.
  • The open source works are widely used or cited by industry or academia.

Open100: Top 100 Open Source achievements (1960s-2021)

The data and figure are from the technique report which will be released on 2023 BenchCouncil International Federated Intelligent Computing and Chip Conferences (FICC 2023).

Overview of Top Open Source achievements

（Please note that the tree diagram can be zoomed in, zoomed out, and moved. You can click on the circles at the branches to expand or collapse the content of the diagram.）

Top Open Source Achievements

When considering the main contributors of an open source project, we only list the co-founders and outstanding contributors for the initial release version.

When considering the main academic contributors, we only list:

  • the first (including the authors with equal contribution)
  • the corresponding author (the last author if there is no corresponding author)

If you have any comments or suggestions about the list, please send an email to benchcouncil.evaluation@gmail.com

Category Sub-category Achievements Description Year Contributors Contributors
Institution 		Contributors
Country
Open Source Origin Definition Open Source Definition 1997 Bruce Perens USA
Foundation Free Software Foundation 1985 Richard Stallman USA
Open Source Initiative 1998 Bruce Perens, Eric Steven Raymond Open Source Initiative USA
The Apache Software Foundation 1999 Brian Behlendorf, Roy T. Fielding, Cliff Skolnick The Apache Software Foundation USA
Mozilla Foundation 2003 Jamie Zawinski, Brendan Eich Netscape, Mozilla Foundation USA
OpenCores 1999 Damjan Lampret, Stefan Wallentowitz, Olof Kindgren University of Ljubljana, Technische Universitat Munchen Slovenia, Germany
Eclipse Foundation 2004 Mike Milinkovich, Skip McGaughey, John Wiegand IBM USA
RISC-V International 2015 Andrew Waterman, Yunsup Lee, Krste Asanovic, David Patterson, Calista Redmond University of California Berkeley, SiFive Inc., Google USA
License Copyleft and GNU General Public License 1984, 1989 Richard Stallman Free Software Foundation USA
MIT License 1988 Jerry Saltzer MIT USA
BSD License 1988 Bill Joy, William Hoskins University of California Berkeley USA
Mozilla Public License 1998 Mitchell Baker, Frank Hecker Mozilla Foundation, Netscape USA
Apache License 2004 Brian Behlendorf, Roy T. Fielding, Cliff Skolnick The Apache Software Foundation USA
TAPR Open Hardware License 2007 Tucson Amateur Packet Radio USA
CERN Open Hardware License 2011 CERN Switzerland
Creative Commons License 2002 Lawrence Lessig, Eric Eldred Creative Commons USA
Development Style The Cathedral and the Bazaar 1997 Eric Steven Raymond USA
Software Operating System Original AT&T Unix 1969 Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Douglas McIlroy, Joe Ossanna Bell Laboratories USA
Minix 1987 Andrew S Tanenbaum Vrije Universiteit Netherlands
Linux Kernel 1991 Linus Torvalds, Alan Cox, Andrew Morton University of Helsinki Finland
Debian 1993 Ian Murdock, Bruce Perens, Ian Jackson Purdue University USA
Ubuntu 2004 Mark Shuttleworth, Matt Zimmerman Canonical Ltd. UK, South Africa
Fedora Linux 2003 Warren Togami University of Hawaii USA
CentOS 2004 Gregory Kurtzer, Karanbir Singh, Johnny Hughes USA, UK
Arch Linux 2002 Judd Vinet, Levente Polyak, Aaron Griffin Canada, USA, Hungary
Android 2008 Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears, Chris White Android Inc., ALK Technologies Inc., Google USA
FreeBSD 1993 Nate Williams, Rod Grimes, Jordan Hubbard Montana State University Bozeman USA
OpenBSD 1996 Theo de Raadt Canada
NetBSD 1993 Chris Demetriou, Theo de Raadt, Adam Glass, Charles Hannum USA, Canada
Containerization/Virtualization/Automation VirtualBox 2007 Innotek GmbH, Oracle, Sun Microsystems Germany, USA
Xen 2003 Ian Pratt, Keir Fraser, William Perkins jr, Steven Hand University of Cambridge UK
KVM 2006 Avi Kivity, Yaniv Kamay, Dor Laor Qumranet Inc. Israel
Qemu 2003 Fabrice Bellard France
Docker 2013 Solomon Hykes USA
Kubernetes 2014 Joe Beda, Brendan Burns, Craig McLuckie Google USA
Ansible 2012 Michael DeHaan USA
Basic Languages, Libraries, and Tools GNU Toolchain(GNU make, GNU glibc, GNU debugger, GNU GCC) 1987 Richard Stallman, Stuart Feldman, Roland McGrath MIT USA
Compiler and Interpreter Perl 1987 Larry Wall Unisys USA
Python 1991 Guido van Rossum Centrum Wiskunde Informatica (CWI) Netherlands
Low-Level Virtual Machine 2003 Chris Lattner, Vikram Adve University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign USA
Go 2009 Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, Ken Thompson Google USA
PHP 1995 Rasmus Lerdorf, Andi Gutmans, Zeev Suraski Zend Technologies Israel, USA
Javascript 1995 Brendan Eich Netscape USA
Rust 2015 Graydon Hoare Mozilla Foundation USA
Open Java Development Kit 2007 James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, Patrick Naughton, Jonathan Gibbons Oracle, Sun Microsystems USA
Library OpenMP 1997 Leonardo Dagum, Ramesh Menon Silicon Graphics Inc. USA
OpenMPI 1992 Jeff Squyres University of Notre Dame USA
GotoBLAS and OpenBLAS 2011 Kazushige Goto, Xianyi Zhang, Yunquan Zhang University of Texas at Austin, Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, PerfXLab USA, China
Numpy 1995 Travis Oliphant Brigham Young University USA
Scipy 2001 Travis Oliphant, Pearu Peterson, Eric Jones Brigham Young University, Tallinn Technical University, Enthought USA, Estonia
Pandas 2008 Wes McKinney AQR Capital Management USA
Protocol Buffers 2001 Kenton Varda Google USA
Code Repository and Version Control Git 2005 Linus Torvalds, Junio Hamano USA
Github 2008 Chris Wanstrath, P J Hyett, Thomas Preston Werner GitHub Inc. USA
SourceForge 1999 Tony Guntharp, Uriah Welcome, Tim Perdue, Drew Streib VA Software USA
Editor Vi 1976 Bill Joy University of California Berkeley USA
Vim 1991 Bram Moolenaar Netherlands
Emacs 1985 Richard Stallman USA
Visual Studio Code 2015 Erich Gamma Microsoft USA
Desktop KDE 1996 Matthias Ettrich Eberhard Karls University Tubingen Germany
GNOME 1999 Miguel de Icaza, Federico Mena Ximian Inc. USA
OpenOffice and LibreOffice 2002, 2011 Marco Borries Star Division, Sun Microsystems, Oracle Germany, USA
Mail System Sendmail 1983 Eric Allman USA
Exim 1995 Philip Hazel University of Cambridge UK
Postfix 1997 Wietse Venema IBM USA
Data Management and Storage Relational Ingres 1973 Michael Stonebraker, Eugene Wong University of California Berkeley USA
PostgreSQL 1996 Michael Stonebraker, Andrew Yu, Jolly Chen University of California Berkeley USA
MySQL 1995 Michael Widenius, David Axmark, Allan Larsson MySQL AB Sweden
NoSQL Redis 2009 Salvatore Sanfilippo, Pieter Noordhuis VMware USA
etcd 2013 Brandon Philips, Alex Polvi, Xiang Li CoreOS USA
LevelDB 2011 Jeffrey Dean, Sanjay Ghemawat Google USA
RocksDB 2012 Dhruba Borthakur Meta USA
Apache Cassandra 2008 Avinash Lakshman, Prashant Malik Meta USA
HBase 2008 Karthik Ranganathan, Michael Stack Meta, The Apache Software Foundation USA
MongoDB 2009 Eliot Horowitz, Dwight Merriman, Kevin Ryan USA
Neo4j 2007 Emil Eifrem USA
TDengine 2017 Jeff Tao TDengine USA
InfluxDB 2013 Paul Dix InfluxData USA
TiDB 2017 Qi Liu, Dongxu Huang, Qiu Cui, Ed Huang PingCAP China
CockroachDB 2015 Spencer Kimball, Peter Mattis, Ben Darnell Google USA
Internet and Web Internet Protocol Suite TCP 1974 Robert Kahn, Vinton Cerf DARPA USA
IP 1974 Robert Kahn, Vinton Cerf DARPA USA
UDP 1980 David P Reed MIT USA
HTTP 1991 Tim Berners Lee CERN Switzerland
World Wide Web Mosaic 1993 Marc Andreessen, Eric Bina University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign USA
Netscape Navigator 1994 Jim Clark, Marc Andreessen Mosaic Communications Corporation USA
Firefox 2004 Dave Hyatt, Blake Ross Mozilla Foundation USA
CERN httpd 1990 Tim Berners Lee, Ari Luotonen, Henrik Frystyk Nielsen CERN Switzerland
NCSA httpd 1993 Robert McCool University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign USA
Apache HTTP Server 1995 Robert McCool, Brian Behlendorf, Roy T. Fielding, Brian Behlendorf University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of California Irvine, The Apache Software Foundation USA
Nginx 2004 Igor Sysoev Russia
Node.js 2009 Ryan Dahl Joyent USA
React 2013 Jordan Walke Meta USA
Vue 2014 Evan You China
Bootstrap 2011 Mark Otto, Jacob Thornton Twitter USA
jQuery 2006 John Resig Mozilla Foundation USA
Angular 2016 Misko Hevery, Brad Green, Igor Minar Google USA
Wide Area Information Server (WAIS) 80s Brewster Kahle, Bruce Gilliat Thinking Machines USA
Lucene 1999 Doug Cutting, Mike Cafarella The Apache Software Foundation USA
Elasticsearch 2010 Shay Banon Israel
OpenSSL 1998 Mark Cox, Ralf Engelschall, Stephen Henson, Ben Laurie, Paul Sutton Germany, UK
Applications and Scenarios Big Data Hadoop 2006 Doug Cutting, Mike Cafarella The Apache Software Foundation, University of Washington USA
Spark 2014 Matei Zaharia, Mosharaf Chowdhury, Ion Stoica The Apache Software Foundation, University of California Berkeley USA
Flink 2011 Paris Carbone, Volker Markl, Kostas Tzoumas KTH, SICS, Data Artisans, Technical University Berlin Germany, Sweden
Kafka 2011 Jay Kreps, Neha Narkhede, Jun Rao LinkedIn USA
AI OpenCV 2000 Gary Bradsk, Vadim Pisarevsky Intel Russia, Willow Garage USA, Russia
Scikit-learn 2007 David Cournapeau, Fabian Pedregosa, Gael Varoquaux, Alexandre Gramfort, Vincent Michel INRIA, Ecole Normale Superieure, LOGILAB France
Theano 2007 Yoshua Bengio, Olivier Breuleux, James Bergstra MILA of Universite de Montreal Canada
Caffe 2013 Yangqing Jia, Evan Shelhamer University of California Berkeley USA
Deeplearning4j 2014 Alex Black, Adam Gibson, Vyacheslav Kokorin, Josh Patterson Skymind Inc., Eclipse Foundation USA
Keras 2015 Francois Chollet Google USA
MXNet 2016 Mu Li, Tianqi Chen, Zheng Zhang University of Washington, CMU, NYU Shanghai USA, China
TensorFlow 2015 Martin Abadi, Paul Barham, Xiaoqiang Zheng Google USA
CNTK 2016 Frank Seide, Amit Agarwal Microsoft USA
PaddlePaddle 2016 Yanjun Ma, Dianhai Yu, Tian Wu, Haifeng Wang Baidu Inc. China
Torch 2002 Ronan Collobert, Samy Bengio, Johnny Mariethoz Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Idiap Research Institute Switzerland
PyTorch and ONNX 2016, 2017 Soumith Chintala, Adam Paszke, Sam Gross Meta, University of Warsaw, Microsoft USA, Poland
TVM 2018 Tianqi Chen, Arvind Krishnamurthy, Thierry Moreau University of Washington USA
Cloud Computing OpenStack 2010 Joshua McKenty, Jonathan Bryce, Todd Moore, Chris Kemp Rackspace Technology Inc., NASA USA
Prometheus 2012 Julius Volz SoundCloud Germany
Blockchain Bitcoin 2009 Satoshi Nakamoto
Ethereum 2015 Vitalik Buterin, Gavin Wood Canada, UK
Hardware ISA OpenRISC 2000 Damjan Lampret, Stefan Wallentowitz, Olof Kindgren OpenRISC Community, OpenCores
RISC-V 2010 David Patterson, Krste Asanovic University of California Berkeley USA
Simulators and Tools Gem5 2011 Nathan Binkert, Bradford Beckmann, David A. Wood Hewlett Packard Labs, Advanced Micro Devices Inc., University of Michigan USA
Verilator 1994 Wilson Snyder CHIPS Alliance USA
iVerilog 2002 Stephen Williams, Michael Baxter USA
Yosys 2013 Clifford Wolf, Johann Glaser Johannes Kepler University Austria
KiCad EDA 1992 Jean-Pierre Charras IUT de Grenoble France
Chip Generator and Processor Cores Rocket Chip and Rocket Core 2016 Krste Asanovic, Rimas Avizienis, Andrew Waterman University of California Berkeley USA
Chipyard and Gemmini 2020 Alon Amid, Borivoje Nikolic, Hasan Genc, Yakun Sophia Shao University of California Berkeley, MIT USA
RISC-V Boom 2016 Christopher Celio, Krste Asanovic, David Patterson University of California Berkeley USA
Freedom 2016 Krste Asanovic, Yunsup Lee, Andrew Waterman SiFive Inc. USA
CVA6 2018 Mike Thompson, Florian Zaruba, Steve Richmond OpenHW, Axelera AI, Silicon Labs Canada, Switzerland, USA
XiangShan 2020 Yungang Bao, Dan Tang Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Institute of Open Source Chip China
OpenXuantie 2021 Xiaoning Qi, Jianyi Meng, Yuan Xie T Head Semiconductor, Alibaba China
AI accelerator NVDLA Open Source Hardware 2018 Jensen Huang, Curtis Priem, Chris Malachowsky Nvidia USA
Single-board BeagleBoard 2008 Jason Kridner, Gerald Coley BeagleBoard.org, Texas Instruments USA
Arduino 2005 Massimo Banzi, David Cuartielles, Tom Igoe, Gianluca Martino, David Mellis Interaction Design Institute Ivrea Italy


Top Open Source Contributors

Ranking Contributor Grade Institution Country
1 Richard Stallman 3.33 Free Software Foundation USA
2 Bruce Perens 1.83 Open Source Initiative USA
3 Krste Asanovic 1.70 University of California, Berkeley USA
4 Bill Joy 1.50 University of California, Berkeley USA
4 Brendan Eich 1.50 Mozilla Foundation USA
4 Eric Steven Raymond 1.50 Open Source Initiative USA
5 Tim Berners Lee 1.33 The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) Switzerland
5 Travis Oliphant 1.33 Brigham Young University USA
6 Robert McCool 1.25 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign USA
6 Theo de Raadt 1.25 OpenBSD Canada
7 Brian Behlendorf 1.17 The Apache Software Foundation USA
8 David Patterson 1.03 University of California, Berkeley USA
9 Andrew S Tanenbaum 1.00 Vrije Universiteit Netherlands
9 Bram Moolenaar 1.00 Google USA
9 David P Reed 1.00 MIT USA
9 Dhruba Borthakur 1.00 Meta USA
9 Doug Cutting 1.00 The Apache Software Foundation USA
9 Emil Eifrem 1.00 Neo4j Inc. USA
9 Eric Allman 1.00 University of California, Berkeley USA
9 Erich Gamma 1.00 Microsoft USA
9 Evan You 1.00 Vue Technology LLC Singapore
9 Fabrice Bellard 1.00 Amarisoft France
9 Francois Chollet 1.00 Google USA
9 Graydon Hoare 1.00 Mozilla Foundation USA
9 Guido van Rossum 1.00 Centrum Wiskunde Informatica (CWI) Netherlands
9 Igor Sysoev 1.00 Nginx Inc. USA
9 Jean-Pierre Charras 1.00 IUT de Grenoble France
9 Jeff Squyres 1.00 University of Notre Dame USA
9 Jeff Tao 1.00 TDengine China
9 Jerry Saltzer 1.00 MIT USA
9 John Resig 1.00 Mozilla Foundation USA
9 Jordan Walke 1.00 Meta USA
9 Julius Volz 1.00 SoundCloud Germany
9 Kenton Varda 1.00 Google USA
9 Larry Wall 1.00 Unisys USA
9 Marc Andreessen 1.00 Mosaic Communications Corporation USA
9 Marco Borries 1.00 Oracle USA
9 Matthias Ettrich 1.00 Eberhard Karls University Tubingen Germany
9 Michael DeHaan 1.00 Ansible Inc. USA
9 Mike Cafarella 1.00 University of Washington USA
9 Paul Dix 1.00 InfluxData USA
9 Philip Hazel 1.00 University of Cambridge UK
9 Robert Kahn 1.00 DARPA USA
9 Ryan Dahl 1.00 Joyent USA
9 Satoshi Nakamoto 1.00 BitCoin unknown
9 Shay Banon 1.00 Elastic NV Netherlands
9 Solomon Hykes 1.00 Docker Inc. USA
9 Vinton Cerf 1.00 DARPA USA
9 Warren Togami 1.00 University of Hawaii USA
9 Wes McKinney 1.00 AQR Capital Management USA
9 Wietse Venema 1.00 IBM USA
9 Wilson Snyder 1.00 CHIPS Alliance USA
10 Roy T. Fielding 0.92 The Apache Software Foundation USA
11 Andrew Waterman 0.87 University of California, Berkeley USA
12 Linus Torvalds 0.83 University of Helsinki Finland
12 Michael Stonebraker 0.83 University of California, Berkeley USA
13 Cliff Skolnick 0.67 The Apache Software Foundation USA
13 Damjan Lampret 0.67 OpenCores Slovenia
13 Olof Kindgren 0.67 Qamcom Sweden
13 Stefan Wallentowitz 0.67 Technische Universitat Munchen Germany
13 Tianqi Chen 0.67 CMU USA
14 Ken Thompson 0.58 Google USA
15 Yunsup Lee 0.53 SiFive Inc. USA
16 Amit Agarwal 0.50 Microsoft USA
16 Avinash Lakshman 0.50 Meta USA
16 Blake Ross 0.50 Mozilla Foundation USA
16 Brewster Kahle 0.50 Thinking Machines USA
16 Bruce Gilliat 0.50 University of California, Berkeley USA
16 Chris Lattner 0.50 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign USA
16 Clifford Wolf 0.50 Johannes Kepler University Austria
16 Dan Tang 0.50 Beijing Institute of Open Source Chip China
16 Dave Hyatt 0.50 Mozilla Foundation USA
16 Eric Bina 0.50 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign USA
16 Eric Eldred 0.50 Creative Commons USA
16 Eugene Wong 0.50 University of California, Berkeley USA
16 Evan Shelhamer 0.50 University of California, Berkeley USA
16 Federico Mena 0.50 Novell / SUSE Linux USA
16 Frank Hecker 0.50 Netscape USA
16 Frank Seide 0.50 Microsoft USA
16 Gary Bradsk 0.50 Intel Russia Russia
16 Gavin Wood 0.50 Ethereum UK
16 Gerald Coley 0.50 Texas Instruments USA
16 Jacob Thornton 0.50 Twitter USA
16 Jamie Zawinski 0.50 Netscape USA
16 Jason Kridner 0.50 BeagleBoard.org USA
16 Jeffrey Dean 0.50 Google USA
16 Jim Clark 0.50 Mosaic Communications Corporation USA
16 Johann Glaser 0.50 Johannes Kepler University Austria
16 Junio Hamano 0.50 Google USA
16 Karthik Ranganathan 0.50 Meta USA
16 Lawrence Lessig 0.50 Creative Commons USA
16 Leonardo Dagum 0.50 Silicon Graphics Inc. USA
16 Mark Otto 0.50 Twitter USA
16 Mark Shuttleworth 0.50 Canonical Ltd. South Africa
16 Matt Zimmerman 0.50 Canonical Ltd. South Africa
16 Michael Baxter 0.50 Microchip Technology Inc. USA
16 Michael Stack 0.50 The Apache Software Foundation USA
16 Miguel de Icaza 0.50 Ximian Inc. USA
16 Mitchell Baker 0.50 Mozilla Foundation USA
16 Pieter Noordhuis 0.50 VMware USA
16 Prashant Malik 0.50 Meta USA
16 Ramesh Menon 0.50 Silicon Graphics Inc. USA
16 Salvatore Sanfilippo 0.50 Redis Italy
16 Sanjay Ghemawat 0.50 Google USA
16 Stephen Williams 0.50 sureCore Ltd UK
16 Vadim Pisarevsky 0.50 Willow Garage USA
16 Vikram Adve 0.50 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign USA
16 Vitalik Buterin 0.50 Ethereum Canada
16 William Hoskins 0.50 University of California, Berkeley USA
16 Yangqing Jia 0.50 University of California, Berkeley USA
16 Yungang Bao 0.50 Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences China
17 Aaron Griffin 0.33 Sevco Security USA
17 Adam Paszke 0.33 University of Warsaw Poland
17 Alan Cox 0.33 Red Hat USA
17 Alex Polvi 0.33 CoreOS USA
17 Allan Larsson 0.33 MySQL AB Sweden
17 Andi Gutmans 0.33 Zend Technologies USA
17 Andrew Morton 0.33 Google USA
17 Andrew Yu 0.33 University of California, Berkeley USA
17 Ari Luotonen 0.33 The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) Switzerland
17 Arvind Krishnamurthy 0.33 University of Washington USA
17 Avi Kivity 0.33 Qumranet Inc. Israel
17 Ben Darnell 0.33 Google USA
17 Brad Green 0.33 Google USA
17 Bradford Beckmann 0.33 AMD USA
17 Brandon Philips 0.33 CoreOS USA
17 Brendan Burns 0.33 Google USA
17 Chris Malachowsky 0.33 Nvidia USA
17 Chris Wanstrath 0.33 GitHub Inc. USA
17 Christopher Celio 0.33 University of California, Berkeley USA
17 Craig McLuckie 0.33 Google USA
17 Curtis Priem 0.33 Nvidia USA
17 David A. Wood 0.33 University of Michigan USA
17 David Axmark 0.33 MySQL AB Sweden
17 Dor Laor 0.33 Qumranet Inc. Israel
17 Dwight Merriman 0.33 MongoDB Inc. USA
17 Eliot Horowitz 0.33 MongoDB Inc. USA
17 Eric Jones 0.33 Enthought USA
17 Florian Zaruba 0.33 Axelera AI Netherlands
17 Gregory Kurtzer 0.33 CIQ USA
17 Henrik Frystyk Nielsen 0.33 The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) Switzerland
17 Ian Jackson 0.33 University of Cambridge UK
17 Ian Murdock 0.33 Docker Inc. USA
17 Igor Minar 0.33 Google USA
17 Ion Stoica 0.33 University of California, Berkeley USA
17 James Bergstra 0.33 MILA Canada
17 Jay Kreps 0.33 LinkedIn USA
17 Jensen Huang 0.33 Nvidia USA
17 Jianyi Meng 0.33 Alibaba China
17 Joe Beda 0.33 Google USA
17 John Wiegand 0.33 IBM USA
17 Johnny Hughes 0.33 Red Hat USA
17 Johnny Mariethoz 0.33 Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne Switzerland
17 Jolly Chen 0.33 University of California, Berkeley USA
17 Jordan Hubbard 0.33 Nvidia USA
17 Judd Vinet 0.33 Pinnacle Canada
17 Jun Rao 0.33 LinkedIn USA
17 Karanbir Singh 0.33 Red Hat USA
17 Kazushige Goto 0.33 University of Texas at Austin USA
17 Kevin Ryan 0.33 AlleyCorp USA
17 Kostas Tzoumas 0.33 Data Artisans Germany
17 Levente Polyak 0.33 Arch Linux Hungary
17 Martin Abadi 0.33 Google USA
17 Matei Zaharia 0.33 University of California, Berkeley USA
17 Michael Widenius 0.33 MySQL AB Sweden
17 Mike Milinkovich 0.33 IBM USA
17 Mike Thompson 0.33 OpenHW Canada
17 Misko Hevery 0.33 Google USA
17 Mosharaf Chowdhury 0.33 University of California, Berkeley USA
17 Mu Li 0.33 CMU USA
17 Nate Williams 0.33 Montana State University Bozeman USA
17 Nathan Binkert 0.33 Hewlett Packard Labs USA
17 Neha Narkhede 0.33 LinkedIn USA
17 Olivier Breuleux 0.33 MILA Canada
17 P J Hyett 0.33 GitHub Inc. USA
17 Paris Carbone 0.33 KTH Sweden
17 Paul Barham 0.33 Google USA
17 Pearu Peterson 0.33 Tallinn Technical University Estonia
17 Peter Mattis 0.33 Google USA
17 Rasmus Lerdorf 0.33 Jelastic USA
17 Rimas Avizienis 0.33 University of California, Berkeley USA
17 Rob Pike 0.33 Google USA
17 Robert Griesemer 0.33 Google USA
17 Rod Grimes 0.33 FreeBSD USA
17 Roland McGrath 0.33 MIT USA
17 Ronan Collobert 0.33 Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne Switzerland
17 Sam Gross 0.33 Microsoft USA
17 Samy Bengio 0.33 Idiap Research Institute Switzerland
17 Skip McGaughey 0.33 IBM USA
17 Soumith Chintala 0.33 Meta USA
17 Spencer Kimball 0.33 Google USA
17 Steve Richmond 0.33 Silicon Labs USA
17 Stuart Feldman 0.33 MIT USA
17 Thierry Moreau 0.33 University of Washington USA
17 Thomas Preston Werner 0.33 GitHub Inc. USA
17 Volker Markl 0.33 Technical University Berlin Germany
17 Xiang Li 0.33 CoreOS USA
17 Xianyi Zhang 0.33 Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences China
17 Xiaoning Qi 0.33 T Head Semiconductor China
17 Xiaoqiang Zheng 0.33 Google USA
17 Yaniv Kamay 0.33 Qumranet Inc. Israel
17 Yoshua Bengio 0.33 MILA Canada
17 Yuan Xie 0.33 T Head Semiconductor China
17 Yunquan Zhang 0.33 Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences China
17 Zeev Suraski 0.33 Zend Technologies USA
17 Zheng Zhang 0.33 NYU Shanghai China
18 Adam Gibson 0.25 Skymind Inc. USA
18 Adam Glass 0.25 Microsoft USA
18 Alex Black 0.25 Skymind Inc. USA
18 Alon Amid 0.25 University of California, Berkeley USA
18 Andy Rubin 0.25 Android Inc. USA
18 Borivoje Nikolic 0.25 University of California, Berkeley USA
18 Charles Hannum 0.25 NetBSD USA
18 Chris Demetriou 0.25 SiByte USA
18 Chris Kemp 0.25 NASA USA
18 Chris White 0.25 Google USA
18 Dennis Ritchie 0.25 Bell Laboratories USA
18 Dianhai Yu 0.25 Baidu Inc. China
18 Dongxu Huang 0.25 PingCAP China
18 Douglas McIlroy 0.25 Bell Laboratories USA
18 Drew Streib 0.25 VA Software USA
18 Ed Huang 0.25 PingCAP China
18 Haifeng Wang 0.25 Baidu Inc. China
18 Hasan Genc 0.25 University of California, Berkeley USA
18 Ian Pratt 0.25 University of Cambridge UK
18 James Gosling 0.25 Oracle USA
18 Joe Ossanna 0.25 Bell Laboratories USA
18 Jonathan Bryce 0.25 Rackspace Technology Inc. USA
18 Jonathan Gibbons 0.25 Oracle USA
18 Josh Patterson 0.25 Skymind Inc. USA
18 Joshua McKenty 0.25 Rackspace Technology Inc. USA
18 Keir Fraser 0.25 University of Cambridge UK
18 Mike Sheridan 0.25 Oracle USA
18 Nick Sears 0.25 Google USA
18 Patrick Naughton 0.25 Oracle USA
18 Qi Liu 0.25 PingCAP China
18 Qiu Cui 0.25 PingCAP China
18 Rich Miner 0.25 Android Inc. USA
18 Steven Hand 0.25 University of Cambridge UK
18 Tian Wu 0.25 Baidu Inc. China
18 Tim Perdue 0.25 VA Software USA
18 Todd Moore 0.25 IBM USA
18 Tony Guntharp 0.25 VA Software USA
18 Uriah Welcome 0.25 VA Software USA
18 Vyacheslav Kokorin 0.25 Skymind Inc. USA
18 William Perkins jr 0.25 University of Cambridge UK
18 Yakun Sophia Shao 0.25 University of California, Berkeley USA
18 Yanjun Ma 0.25 Baidu Inc. China
19 Alexandre Gramfort 0.20 LOGILAB France
19 Ben Laurie 0.20 openssl.org UK
19 Calista Redmond 0.20 IBM USA
19 David Cournapeau 0.20 INRIA France
19 David Cuartielles 0.20 Interaction Design Institute Ivrea Italy
19 David Mellis 0.20 Interaction Design Institute Ivrea Italy
19 Fabian Pedregosa 0.20 INRIA France
19 Gael Varoquaux 0.20 INRIA France
19 Gianluca Martino 0.20 Interaction Design Institute Ivrea Italy
19 Mark Cox 0.20 The Apache Software Foundation USA
19 Massimo Banzi 0.20 Interaction Design Institute Ivrea Italy
19 Paul Sutton 0.20 openssl.org UK
19 Ralf Engelschall 0.20 msg Germany
19 Stephen Henson 0.20 openssl.org UK
19 Tom Igoe 0.20 Interaction Design Institute Ivrea Italy
19 Vincent Michel 0.20 LOGILAB France


Top Open Source Institutions

Ranking Institution Grade Country
1 University of California Berkeley 9.33 USA
2 Google 8.67 USA
3 The Apache Software Foundation 4.83 USA
4 Mozilla Foundation 4.00 USA
5 Meta 3.83 USA
6 MIT 3.50 USA
7 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 3.33 USA
8 CERN 3.00 Switzerland
9 Microsoft 2.33 USA
10 Netscape 2.00 USA
10 IBM 2.00 USA
10 DARPA 2.00 USA
10 University of Cambridge 2.00 UK
11 University of Washington 1.83 USA
12 Brigham Young University 1.33 USA
12 SiFive 1.33 USA
13 Oracle 1.17 USA
13 Sun Microsystems 1.17 USA
14 CHIPS Alliance 1.00 USA
14 Nvidia 1.00 USA
14 SoundCloud 1.00 Germany
14 Interaction Design Institute Ivrea 1.00 Italy
14 Canonical Ltd. 1.00 South Africa
14 Montana State University Bozeman 1.00 USA
14 TDengine 1.00 China
14 Joyent 1.00 USA
14 AQR Capital Management 1.00 USA
14 Free Software Foundation 1.00 USA
14 MILA of Universite de Montreal 1.00 Canada
14 Creative Commons 1.00 USA
14 Mosaic Communications Corporation 1.00 USA
14 Unisys 1.00 USA
14 University of Helsinki 1.00 Finland
14 Johannes Kepler University 1.00 Austria
14 VMware 1.00 USA
14 PingCAP 1.00 China
14 CoreOS 1.00 USA
14 Open Source Initiative 1.00 USA
14 IUT de Grenoble 1.00 France
14 Silicon Graphics Inc. 1.00 USA
14 Zend Technologies 1.00 USA
14 Thinking Machines 1.00 USA
14 Twitter 1.00 USA
14 Qumranet Inc. 1.00 Israel
14 Ximian Inc. 1.00 USA
14 MySQL AB 1.00 Sweden
14 Purdue University 1.00 USA
14 University of Notre Dame 1.00 USA
14 LinkedIn 1.00 USA
14 Vrije Universiteit 1.00 Netherlands
14 Centrum Wiskunde Informatica (CWI) 1.00 Netherlands
14 Eberhard Karls University Tubingen 1.00 Germany
14 InfluxData 1.00 USA
14 VA Software 1.00 USA
14 GitHub Inc. 1.00 USA
14 Baidu Inc. 1.00 China
14 University of Hawaii 1.00 USA
14 Tucson Amateur Packet Radio 1.00 USA
14 Bell Laboratories 1.00 USA
15 OpenRISC Community 0.50
15 Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences 0.50 China
15 Eclipse Foundation 0.50 USA
15 NASA 0.50 USA
15 Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences 0.50 China
15 Intel Russia 0.50 Russia
15 Technische Universitat Munchen 0.50 Germany
15 OpenCores 0.50 Slovenia
15 Idiap Research Institute 0.50 Switzerland
15 University of Ljubljana 0.50 Slovenia
15 Willow Garage 0.50 USA
15 Skymind Inc. 0.50 USA
15 Beijing Institute of Open Source Chip 0.50 China
15 BeagleBoard.org 0.50 USA
15 Rackspace Technology Inc. 0.50 USA
15 Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne 0.50 Switzerland
15 T Head Semiconductor 0.50 China
15 University of Texas at Austin 0.50 USA
15 Alibaba 0.50 China
15 Texas Instruments 0.50 USA
16 Ecole Normale Superieure 0.33 France
16 OpenHW 0.33 Canada
16 NYU Shanghai 0.33 China
16 University of Michigan 0.33 USA
16 Hewlett Packard Labs 0.33 USA
16 Tallinn Technical University 0.33 Estonia
16 CMU 0.33 USA
16 LOGILAB 0.33 France
16 ALK Technologies Inc. 0.33 USA
16 Star Division 0.33 Germany
16 Advanced Micro Devices Inc. 0.33 USA
16 INRIA 0.33 France
16 Enthought 0.33 USA
16 Android Inc. 0.33 USA
16 University of Warsaw 0.33 Poland
16 Innotek GmbH 0.33 Germany
16 Axelera AI 0.33 Netherlands
16 Silicon Labs 0.33 USA
16 University of California Irvine 0.33 USA
17 Data Artisans 0.25 Germany
17 Technical University Berlin 0.25 Germany
17 SICS 0.25 Sweden
17 KTH 0.25 Sweden


Top Open Source Countries

Ranking Country Grade
1 USA 97.67
2 China 6.00
3 Germany 4.50
4 Switzerland 4.33
5 UK 4.00
6 Canada 3.67
7 Netherlands 3.00
7 France 3.00
8 Israel 2.50
9 Sweden 1.50
9 Russia 1.50
10 Italy 1.00
10 Finland 1.00
10 Austria 1.00
11 Estonia 0.50
11 South Africa 0.50
11 Poland 0.50
11 Slovenia 0.50
12 Hungary 0.33